Search results for "Forensic Science"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
Analiza informacji: między kryminalistyką i prawem
2022
Analiza informacji jest pojęciem pojawiającym się szeroko we współ-czesnych realiach społecznych, gospodarczych, ekonomicznych czy prawnych. Nie omija ona również nauk prawnych czy nauk policyjnych, dając nowe możliwości rozwiązywania problemów kryminalnych, niejednokrotnie dostarczając również ciekawych i innowacyjnych narzędzi. Analiza informacji jako procedura myślowa, polegająca na działaniu zmierzającym do wskazania i zrozumienia związków między ludźmi, miejscami i zdarzeniami jest najistotniejszym, ale zarazem niewystarcza-jąco zbadanym obszarem współczesnej kryminalistyki. Celem tego arty-kułu jest przedstawienie Czytelnikowi istoty analizy informacji, określenie jej głównych cech, a…
Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 Immunohistochemical Pattern in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles at Different Times after Death: An Experimental Study on PMI Esti…
2021
(1) Background: The estimation of the post mortem interval (PMI) is a challenge for forensic pathologists because data emerging from methods commonly applied are not always conclusive, since several conditions exist that may affect the reliability of these parameters. Thus, new approaches have been proposed to overcome such a limit. In recent years, several studies have been performed on proteins analyzing their expression/degradation patterns in relation to the progressing of the post mortem interval. (2) Methods: The immunoreactivity patterns of two apoptosis mediators—Caspase 9 and Caspase 3—have been tested in order to evaluate their potential role as markers of the post mortem interval…
An Alternative to the Human Hemoglobin Test in the Investigation of Bloodstains Treated with Active Oxygen: The Human Glycophorin A Test
2011
In criminal investigations, there are three stages involved when studying bloodstains: search and orientation, confirmation, and individualization. Confirmatory tests have two aims: to show that the stain contains a human biological fluid and to confirm the type of biological fluid. The need to determine the nature of the evidence is reflected in the latest bibliography, where the possibility of employing mRNA and miRNA markers for this purpose is proposed. While these new proposals are being investigated, the kits for determining human hemoglobin currently provide a simple solution for resolving this issue. With these kits, the possibility of obtaining false positives and false negatives i…
DNA Evidence Uncompromised by Active Oxygen
2010
Currently, forensic sciences can make use of the potential of instrumental analysis techniques to obtain information from the smallest, even invisible, samples. However, as laboratory techniques improve, so too should the procedures applied in the search for and initial testing of clues in order to be equally effective. This requires continuous revision so that those procedures may resolve the problems that samples present. As far as bloodstains are concerned, there are methods available that are recognized as being both highly sensitive and effective. Nevertheless, the marketing of new cleaning products, those that contain active oxygen, has raised doubts about the ability of those procedu…
Virtopsy and Living Individuals Evaluation Using Computed Tomography in Forensic Diagnostic Imaging
2019
The applications of forensic radiology involve both Virtopsy both studies on living people - to demonstrate bone age, search for foreign bodies, such as voluntary injection of drug ovules or surgical sponges accidentally forgotten, to assess gunshot wounds, to evaluate injuries by road accidents, and cases of violence or abuse (both in adults and in children). Computed tomography is the most used imaging tool used in forensic pathology and its indications are mainly focused on cases of unnatural deaths or when a crime is suspected. It is preferred over the standard autopsy in selected cases, such as in putrefied, carbonized or badly damaged bodies; or as a preliminary evaluation in mass dis…
Primer on the Contribution of Crime Scene Behavior to the Forensic Assessment of Sexual Offenders
2018
Abstract. Over the last decades several attempts in developing incrementally valid risk indicators above and beyond standard actuarial and dynamic risk assessment instruments have been undertaken without much success. The current review will summarize current developments regarding the validity of detailed crime scene analysis for forensic assessments of sexual offenders. To this end, this overview will focus on two issues: First, we will discuss the issue of sexual offender risk assessment based on crime scene information. Second, we will outline how crime scene behavior contributes to the assessment of sexual interest in children. In each section we will introduce the reader to new appro…
Chemical Element Levels as a Methodological Tool in Forensic Science
2014
The aim of the present study was to define a methodological strategy for understanding how post- mortem degradation in bones caused by the environment affects different skeletal parts and for selecting better preserved bone samples, employing rare earth elements (REEs) analysis and multivariate statistics. To test our methodological proposal the samples selected belong to adult and young individuals and were obtained from the Late Roman Necropolis of c/Virgen de la Misericordia located in Valencia city centre (Comunidad Valenciana, Spain). Therefore, a method for the determination of major elements, trace elements and REEs in bone remains has been developed employing Inductively-Coupled Pla…
The Infanticide: Some Forensic and Ethical Issues
2013
Forensic investigation and clinical treatment of infanticide mother is occasion to reflect about this crime, related to social stigma. The forensic-psychiatric assessment must be anchored on authentic and meaningful clinical relationship to criminal mother, without misinterpretation and controtransferal dynamics, such as emotional reactions of mistrust and stigmatization toward the offender, which prevent the evaluator from a correct psychological and psychopathological comprehension. Otherwise, diachronic, multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation may lead to strategies for treatment and rehabilitation, which can bring the patient to regain his dignity, his working capacities and social role…
Killing methods in Sicilian Mafia families
2019
The Sicilian Mafia is a criminal organisation founded in Sicily which is an island south of the Italian mainland in the Mediterranean Sea. Until recently, this organization was responsible for many murders and bombings. However, recently, based on the investigations known as the “Mare Nostrum” operation, the Supreme Court convicted 67 people and sent them to prison. Some defendants were found guilty of as many as 39 murders. This article reviews the forensic analysis that was used when investigating responsibility for these Mafia murders. Our review is based on the court documents and the ballistic investigations which were carried out to evaluate the reliability of “repented” or “pentiti”…
Forensic validation of Y-chromosome STR polymorphisms in Italy: the GE.F.I. collaborative database
2003
Abstract Haplotype data of 1176 Italian males from 10 regions were obtained as a part of a collaborative validation exercise. Individual data are available at http://www.gefi-forensicDNA.it .